Hi Sven,
Since OSSubprocess uses the latest FFI, it works only in Pharo 5.0 AND Spur (and after certain Pharo 5.0 release). So you should grab latest Spur-based Pharo 5.0 for OSSubprocess.
Since Raspbian is based on Debian, I guess it should work (OSSubprocess uses libc), but I cannot tell as I don't have a Raspberry Pi here.
If you get a Spur based Pharo 5.0 image and VM working in Raspberry Pi I can help you to see if it works.
Let me know,