The good news is that the same version of Pharo Launcher worked essentially perfectly under Windows 10.
As expected, the launcher was installed in AppData\Local.
However, I continue to find an AppData\Roaming\pharo directory created when the launcher was installed. Its contents are as I described in the issue created for the Windows 7 installation.
Suggestion:
Some of the lists are quite long. It might be useful to be able to sort them by e.g. name or date of last change, both ascending and descending.