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Re: [UFFI] Call a function where argument type is char ** (argv)

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Blondeau Vincent

Re: [UFFI] Call a function where argument type is char ** (argv)

TL;DR: How to pass as argument an array of Strings (char **) with Unified-FFI?

Vincent

De : Blondeau Vincent
Envoyé : mercredi 25 mai 2016 13:58
À : Pharo Development List
Objet : [UFFI] Call a function where argument type is char ** (argv)

Hello,

I have written a R bridge in Pharo and I would like to migrate it from NativeBoost to UFFI.

Most of the changes are easy to do but I am stuck to a double pointer problem.

I have to call the function: int Rf_initEmbeddedR(int argc, char ** argv). I know how to give the int but the char ** is a problem. It is an array of Strings.

With NB, I managed to have this (working) code:

"This is 32bit... too bad..."

strings := OrderedCollection new.

par := NativeBoost allocate: 4 * params size.

params

keysAndValuesDo: [ :i :each |

| str |

str := each asNBExternalString.

strings add: str.

par nbUInt32AtOffset: (i - 1) * 4 put: str value ].

self prim_initEmbeddedRargc: params size argv: par ]

ensure: [

"Free the memory we allocated"

par ifNotNil: [ par free ].

strings ifNotNil: [ strings do: [ :each | each free ] ] ]

With a primitive call:

Self nbCall: #(int Rf_initEmbeddedR(int argc, char *argv))

Do I still need to create my own array of strings or FFI creates it for me? How?

Thanks in advance for your answers,

Vincent

!!!*************************************************************************************
"Ce message et les pièces jointes sont confidentiels et réservés à l'usage exclusif de ses destinataires. Il peut également être protégé par le secret professionnel. Si vous recevez ce message par erreur, merci d'en avertir immédiatement l'expéditeur et de le détruire. L'intégrité du message ne pouvant être assurée sur Internet, la responsabilité de Worldline ne pourra être recherchée quant au contenu de ce message. Bien que les meilleurs efforts soient faits pour maintenir cette transmission exempte de tout virus, l'expéditeur ne donne aucune garantie à cet égard et sa responsabilité ne saurait être recherchée pour tout dommage résultant d'un virus transmis.

This e-mail and the documents attached are confidential and intended solely for the addressee; it may also be privileged. If you receive this e-mail in error, please notify the sender immediately and destroy it. As its integrity cannot be secured on the Internet, the Worldline liability cannot be triggered for the message content. Although the sender endeavours to maintain a computer virus-free network, the sender does not warrant that this transmission is virus-free and will not be liable for any damages resulting from any virus transmitted.!!!"

Julien Delplanque

Re: [UFFI] Call a function where argument type is char ** (argv)

Hello,

I asked a simililar question some days ago, maybe this [1] can help.

Regards,

Julien

Links:

[1]:
http://forum.world.st/Unified-FFI-pointer-of-String-as-function-parameter-td4898066.html

On 31/05/16 16:28, Blondeau Vincent wrote:

> TL;DR: How to pass as argument an array of Strings (char **) with Unified-FFI?
>
> Vincent
>
> De : Blondeau Vincent
> Envoyé : mercredi 25 mai 2016 13:58
> À : Pharo Development List
> Objet : [UFFI] Call a function where argument type is char ** (argv)
>
> Hello,
>
> I have written a R bridge in Pharo and I would like to migrate it from NativeBoost to UFFI.
> Most of the changes are easy to do but I am stuck to a double pointer problem.
> I have to call the function: int Rf_initEmbeddedR(int argc, char ** argv). I know how to give the int but the char ** is a problem. It is an array of Strings.
>
> With NB, I managed to have this (working) code:
> "This is 32bit... too bad..."
> strings := OrderedCollection new.
> par := NativeBoost allocate: 4 * params size.
> params
> keysAndValuesDo: [ :i :each |
> | str |
> str := each asNBExternalString.
> strings add: str.
> par nbUInt32AtOffset: (i - 1) * 4 put: str value ].
> self prim_initEmbeddedRargc: params size argv: par ]
> ensure: [
> "Free the memory we allocated"
> par ifNotNil: [ par free ].
> strings ifNotNil: [ strings do: [ :each | each free ] ] ]
>
> With a primitive call:
> Self nbCall: #(int Rf_initEmbeddedR(int argc, char *argv))
>
> Do I still need to create my own array of strings or FFI creates it for me? How?
>
> Thanks in advance for your answers,
>
> Vincent
>
>
> !!!*************************************************************************************
> "Ce message et les pièces jointes sont confidentiels et réservés à l'usage exclusif de ses destinataires. Il peut également être protégé par le secret professionnel. Si vous recevez ce message par erreur, merci d'en avertir immédiatement l'expéditeur et de le détruire. L'intégrité du message ne pouvant être assurée sur Internet, la responsabilité de Worldline ne pourra être recherchée quant au contenu de ce message. Bien que les meilleurs efforts soient faits pour maintenir cette transmission exempte de tout virus, l'expéditeur ne donne aucune garantie à cet égard et sa responsabilité ne saurait être recherchée pour tout dommage résultant d'un virus transmis.
>
> This e-mail and the documents attached are confidential and intended solely for the addressee; it may also be privileged. If you receive this e-mail in error, please notify the sender immediately and destroy it. As its integrity cannot be secured on the Internet, the Worldline liability cannot be triggered for the message content. Although the sender endeavours to maintain a computer virus-free network, the sender does not warrant that this transmission is virus-free and will not be liable for any damages resulting from any virus transmitted.!!!"
>

Blondeau Vincent

Re: [UFFI] Call a function where argument type is char ** (argv)

Hello,

So, we tried with Thibault Raffaillac and we succeed to have this kind of code:

| externalArray |
parameters := #('R' '--no-save' 'silent').
[ externalArray := FFIExternalArray externalNewType: 'void*' size: parameters size.
parameters
withIndexDo: [ :string :index | externalArray at: index put: (ExternalAddress fromString: string) ].
self prim_initEmbeddedRargc: parameters size argv: externalArray ]
ensure: [ externalArray
ifNotNil: [ externalArray do: [ :item | item ifNotNil: [ :e | e free ] ].
externalArray free ] ]

with a primitive call:
self ffiCall: #(int Rf_initEmbeddedR(int argc, char ** argv))

However, it still doesn't work because the VM is crashing during the call to the primitive.

Does the translation from the Nativeboost version is accurate?

Thanks in advance for your help,

Vincent

> -----Message d'origine-----
> De : Pharo-users [mailto:[hidden email]] De la part de
> Julien Delplanque
> Envoyé : mercredi 1 juin 2016 18:49
> À : [hidden email]
> Objet : Re: [Pharo-users] [UFFI] Call a function where argument type is char **
> (argv)
>
> Hello,
>
> I asked a simililar question some days ago, maybe this [1] can help.
>
> Regards,
>
> Julien
>
> Links:
>
> [1]:
> http://forum.world.st/Unified-FFI-pointer-of-String-as-function-parameter-
> td4898066.html
>
>
> On 31/05/16 16:28, Blondeau Vincent wrote:
> > TL;DR: How to pass as argument an array of Strings (char **) with Unified-
> FFI?
> >
> > Vincent
> >
> > De : Blondeau Vincent
> > Envoyé : mercredi 25 mai 2016 13:58
> > À : Pharo Development List
> > Objet : [UFFI] Call a function where argument type is char ** (argv)
> >
> > Hello,
> >
> > I have written a R bridge in Pharo and I would like to migrate it from
> NativeBoost to UFFI.
> > Most of the changes are easy to do but I am stuck to a double pointer
> problem.
> > I have to call the function: int Rf_initEmbeddedR(int argc, char ** argv). I
> know how to give the int but the char ** is a problem. It is an array of Strings.
> >
> > With NB, I managed to have this (working) code:
> > "This is 32bit... too bad..."
> > strings := OrderedCollection new.
> > par := NativeBoost allocate: 4 * params size.
> > params
> > keysAndValuesDo: [ :i :each |
> > | str |
> > str := each asNBExternalString.
> > strings add: str.
> > par nbUInt32AtOffset: (i - 1) * 4 put: str value ].
> > self prim_initEmbeddedRargc: params size argv: par ]
> > ensure: [
> > "Free the memory we allocated"
> > par ifNotNil: [ par free ].
> > strings ifNotNil: [
> > strings do: [ :each | each free ] ] ]
> >
> > With a primitive call:
> > Self nbCall: #(int Rf_initEmbeddedR(int argc, char *argv))
> >
> > Do I still need to create my own array of strings or FFI creates it for me?
> How?
> >
> > Thanks in advance for your answers,
> >
> > Vincent
> >
> >
> >
> !!!***************************************************************
> ****
> > ****************** "Ce message et les pièces jointes sont
> > confidentiels et réservés à l'usage exclusif de ses destinataires. Il peut
> également être protégé par le secret professionnel. Si vous recevez ce
> message par erreur, merci d'en avertir immédiatement l'expéditeur et de le
> détruire. L'intégrité du message ne pouvant être assurée sur Internet, la
> responsabilité de Worldline ne pourra être recherchée quant au contenu de
> ce message. Bien que les meilleurs efforts soient faits pour maintenir cette
> transmission exempte de tout virus, l'expéditeur ne donne aucune garantie à
> cet égard et sa responsabilité ne saurait être recherchée pour tout dommage
> résultant d'un virus transmis.
> >
> > This e-mail and the documents attached are confidential and intended
> solely for the addressee; it may also be privileged. If you receive this e-mail in
> error, please notify the sender immediately and destroy it. As its integrity
> cannot be secured on the Internet, the Worldline liability cannot be triggered
> for the message content. Although the sender endeavours to maintain a
> computer virus-free network, the sender does not warrant that this
> transmission is virus-free and will not be liable for any damages resulting
> from any virus transmitted.!!!"
> >
>

EstebanLM

Re: [UFFI] Call a function where argument type is char ** (argv)

Hi,

sorry late response, I just missed this mails.

but… I do not have much to say… what you did should work.
Except (I think I’d need to look at your code closer) you need to change the argument of argv to FFIExternalArray*, or you need to pass the handle to the function. Something like this:

| externalArray parameters |

parameters := #('R' '--no-save' 'silent').
externalArray := (FFIExternalArray externalNewType: 'void*' size: parameters size) autoRelease.
parameters withIndexDo: [ :string :index |
externalArray at: index put: (ExternalAddress fromString: string) autoRelease ].
self prim_initEmbeddedRargc: parameters size argv: externalArray getHandle

(with same primitive call)

or without the #getHandle message and a primitive call:

self ffiCall: #(int Rf_initEmbeddedR(int argc, FFIExternalArray* argv))

AFAIK, that should work… if not I’d need to take a better look, because is maybe a bug :P

Esteban

> On 03 Jun 2016, at 18:50, Blondeau Vincent <[hidden email]> wrote:
>
> Hello,
>
> So, we tried with Thibault Raffaillac and we succeed to have this kind of code:
>
>
> | externalArray |
> parameters := #('R' '--no-save' 'silent').
> [ externalArray := FFIExternalArray externalNewType: 'void*' size: parameters size.
> parameters
> withIndexDo: [ :string :index | externalArray at: index put: (ExternalAddress fromString: string) ].
> self prim_initEmbeddedRargc: parameters size argv: externalArray ]
> ensure: [ externalArray
> ifNotNil: [ externalArray do: [ :item | item ifNotNil: [ :e | e free ] ].
> externalArray free ] ]
>
> with a primitive call:
> self ffiCall: #(int Rf_initEmbeddedR(int argc, char ** argv))
>
> However, it still doesn't work because the VM is crashing during the call to the primitive.
>
> Does the translation from the Nativeboost version is accurate?
>
> Thanks in advance for your help,
>
> Vincent
>
>> -----Message d'origine-----
>> De : Pharo-users [mailto:[hidden email]] De la part de
>> Julien Delplanque
>> Envoyé : mercredi 1 juin 2016 18:49
>> À : [hidden email]
>> Objet : Re: [Pharo-users] [UFFI] Call a function where argument type is char **
>> (argv)
>>
>> Hello,
>>
>> I asked a simililar question some days ago, maybe this [1] can help.
>>
>> Regards,
>>
>> Julien
>>
>> Links:
>>
>> [1]:
>> http://forum.world.st/Unified-FFI-pointer-of-String-as-function-parameter-
>> td4898066.html
>>
>>
>> On 31/05/16 16:28, Blondeau Vincent wrote:
>>> TL;DR: How to pass as argument an array of Strings (char **) with Unified-
>> FFI?
>>>
>>> Vincent
>>>
>>> De : Blondeau Vincent
>>> Envoyé : mercredi 25 mai 2016 13:58
>>> À : Pharo Development List
>>> Objet : [UFFI] Call a function where argument type is char ** (argv)
>>>
>>> Hello,
>>>
>>> I have written a R bridge in Pharo and I would like to migrate it from
>> NativeBoost to UFFI.
>>> Most of the changes are easy to do but I am stuck to a double pointer
>> problem.
>>> I have to call the function: int Rf_initEmbeddedR(int argc, char ** argv). I
>> know how to give the int but the char ** is a problem. It is an array of Strings.
>>>
>>> With NB, I managed to have this (working) code:
>>> "This is 32bit... too bad..."
>>> strings := OrderedCollection new.
>>> par := NativeBoost allocate: 4 * params size.
>>> params
>>> keysAndValuesDo: [ :i :each |
>>> | str |
>>> str := each asNBExternalString.
>>> strings add: str.
>>> par nbUInt32AtOffset: (i - 1) * 4 put: str value ].
>>> self prim_initEmbeddedRargc: params size argv: par ]
>>> ensure: [
>>> "Free the memory we allocated"
>>> par ifNotNil: [ par free ].
>>> strings ifNotNil: [
>>> strings do: [ :each | each free ] ] ]
>>>
>>> With a primitive call:
>>> Self nbCall: #(int Rf_initEmbeddedR(int argc, char *argv))
>>>
>>> Do I still need to create my own array of strings or FFI creates it for me?
>> How?
>>>
>>> Thanks in advance for your answers,
>>>
>>> Vincent
>>>
>>>
>>>
>> !!!***************************************************************
>> ****
>>> ****************** "Ce message et les pièces jointes sont
>>> confidentiels et réservés à l'usage exclusif de ses destinataires. Il peut
>> également être protégé par le secret professionnel. Si vous recevez ce
>> message par erreur, merci d'en avertir immédiatement l'expéditeur et de le
>> détruire. L'intégrité du message ne pouvant être assurée sur Internet, la
>> responsabilité de Worldline ne pourra être recherchée quant au contenu de
>> ce message. Bien que les meilleurs efforts soient faits pour maintenir cette
>> transmission exempte de tout virus, l'expéditeur ne donne aucune garantie à
>> cet égard et sa responsabilité ne saurait être recherchée pour tout dommage
>> résultant d'un virus transmis.
>>>
>>> This e-mail and the documents attached are confidential and intended
>> solely for the addressee; it may also be privileged. If you receive this e-mail in
>> error, please notify the sender immediately and destroy it. As its integrity
>> cannot be secured on the Internet, the Worldline liability cannot be triggered
>> for the message content. Although the sender endeavours to maintain a
>> computer virus-free network, the sender does not warrant that this
>> transmission is virus-free and will not be liable for any damages resulting
>> from any virus transmitted.!!!"
>>>
>>
>
>
> !!!*************************************************************************************
> "Ce message et les pièces jointes sont confidentiels et réservés à l'usage exclusif de ses destinataires. Il peut également être protégé par le secret professionnel. Si vous recevez ce message par erreur, merci d'en avertir immédiatement l'expéditeur et de le détruire. L'intégrité du message ne pouvant être assurée sur Internet, la responsabilité de Worldline ne pourra être recherchée quant au contenu de ce message. Bien que les meilleurs efforts soient faits pour maintenir cette transmission exempte de tout virus, l'expéditeur ne donne aucune garantie à cet égard et sa responsabilité ne saurait être recherchée pour tout dommage résultant d'un virus transmis.
>
> This e-mail and the documents attached are confidential and intended solely for the addressee; it may also be privileged. If you receive this e-mail in error, please notify the sender immediately and destroy it. As its integrity cannot be secured on the Internet, the Worldline liability cannot be triggered for the message content. Although the sender endeavours to maintain a computer virus-free network, the sender does not warrant that this transmission is virus-free and will not be liable for any damages resulting from any virus transmitted.!!!"
>

EstebanLM

Re: [UFFI] Call a function where argument type is char ** (argv)

Hi,

but this will not work either (I just realised). This is complicated matter and confuses many (even me, some times :P).
I will try explain.

Technically, when you do

array := (FFIExternalArray externalNewType: 'void*' size: parameters size) autoRelease.

you are declaring (in C)

(void*)[] array;

which (in C) is synonym of:

void**

which means that as soon as you declare your array, you already have a void**

then, your call has to be:

...
self prim_initEmbeddedRargc: parameters size argv: externalArray.

with call of:

self ffiCall: #(int Rf_initEmbeddedR(int argc, FFIExternalArrayOfStrings argv))

(is better to declare a subclass of FFIExternalArray to be clear about your purpose).

or the other way. Since UFFI cannot determine if an ExternalAddress is a pointer (void*) or a pointer to a pointer (void**), because for C, at the end, they are exactly the same, you need to declare as this:

self prim_initEmbeddedRargc: parameters size argv: externalArray getHandle.

with call of:

self ffiCall: #(int Rf_initEmbeddedR(int argc, void *argv))

remarks:
1) you need to declare it as “void*" because UFFI will box any arity > [object natural arity], which in arrays is 1 (then, if you pass ** it will box it into a –wrong– void***… bad.
2) in this case, since you are passing a handle (a pointer), you do not need/want to subclass FFIExternalArray.

Finally, a third way (not tested), is just doing:

self prim_initEmbeddedRargc: parameters size argv: externalArray getHandle.

with call of:

self ffiCall: #(int Rf_initEmbeddedR(int argc, oop argv))

in this case, it will pass the handle (pointer) “as is”, without transformation. This should work but I never tested it.

Maybe in terms of clarity, last form is better… I don’t know :P

confusing? yes
but it is because is very hard to determine/parse/interpret pointer arities and keep the calls efficient, in a moment we need to put a limit in automatic translations.

Esteban

> On 04 Jun 2016, at 10:10, Esteban Lorenzano <[hidden email]> wrote:
>
> Hi,
>
> sorry late response, I just missed this mails.
>
> but… I do not have much to say… what you did should work.
> Except (I think I’d need to look at your code closer) you need to change the argument of argv to FFIExternalArray*, or you need to pass the handle to the function. Something like this:
>
>
> | externalArray parameters |
>
> parameters := #('R' '--no-save' 'silent').
> externalArray := (FFIExternalArray externalNewType: 'void*' size: parameters size) autoRelease.
> parameters withIndexDo: [ :string :index |
> externalArray at: index put: (ExternalAddress fromString: string) autoRelease ].
> self prim_initEmbeddedRargc: parameters size argv: externalArray getHandle
>
> (with same primitive call)
>
> or without the #getHandle message and a primitive call:
>
> self ffiCall: #(int Rf_initEmbeddedR(int argc, FFIExternalArray* argv))
>
> AFAIK, that should work… if not I’d need to take a better look, because is maybe a bug :P
>
> Esteban
>
>> On 03 Jun 2016, at 18:50, Blondeau Vincent <[hidden email]> wrote:
>>
>> Hello,
>>
>> So, we tried with Thibault Raffaillac and we succeed to have this kind of code:
>>
>>
>> | externalArray |
>> parameters := #('R' '--no-save' 'silent').
>> [ externalArray := FFIExternalArray externalNewType: 'void*' size: parameters size.
>> parameters
>> withIndexDo: [ :string :index | externalArray at: index put: (ExternalAddress fromString: string) ].
>> self prim_initEmbeddedRargc: parameters size argv: externalArray ]
>> ensure: [ externalArray
>> ifNotNil: [ externalArray do: [ :item | item ifNotNil: [ :e | e free ] ].
>> externalArray free ] ]
>>
>> with a primitive call:
>> self ffiCall: #(int Rf_initEmbeddedR(int argc, char ** argv))
>>
>> However, it still doesn't work because the VM is crashing during the call to the primitive.
>>
>> Does the translation from the Nativeboost version is accurate?
>>
>> Thanks in advance for your help,
>>
>> Vincent
>>
>>> -----Message d'origine-----
>>> De : Pharo-users [mailto:[hidden email]] De la part de
>>> Julien Delplanque
>>> Envoyé : mercredi 1 juin 2016 18:49
>>> À : [hidden email]
>>> Objet : Re: [Pharo-users] [UFFI] Call a function where argument type is char **
>>> (argv)
>>>
>>> Hello,
>>>
>>> I asked a simililar question some days ago, maybe this [1] can help.
>>>
>>> Regards,
>>>
>>> Julien
>>>
>>> Links:
>>>
>>> [1]:
>>> http://forum.world.st/Unified-FFI-pointer-of-String-as-function-parameter-
>>> td4898066.html
>>>
>>>
>>> On 31/05/16 16:28, Blondeau Vincent wrote:
>>>> TL;DR: How to pass as argument an array of Strings (char **) with Unified-
>>> FFI?
>>>>
>>>> Vincent
>>>>
>>>> De : Blondeau Vincent
>>>> Envoyé : mercredi 25 mai 2016 13:58
>>>> À : Pharo Development List
>>>> Objet : [UFFI] Call a function where argument type is char ** (argv)
>>>>
>>>> Hello,
>>>>
>>>> I have written a R bridge in Pharo and I would like to migrate it from
>>> NativeBoost to UFFI.
>>>> Most of the changes are easy to do but I am stuck to a double pointer
>>> problem.
>>>> I have to call the function: int Rf_initEmbeddedR(int argc, char ** argv). I
>>> know how to give the int but the char ** is a problem. It is an array of Strings.
>>>>
>>>> With NB, I managed to have this (working) code:
>>>> "This is 32bit... too bad..."
>>>> strings := OrderedCollection new.
>>>> par := NativeBoost allocate: 4 * params size.
>>>> params
>>>> keysAndValuesDo: [ :i :each |
>>>> | str |
>>>> str := each asNBExternalString.
>>>> strings add: str.
>>>> par nbUInt32AtOffset: (i - 1) * 4 put: str value ].
>>>> self prim_initEmbeddedRargc: params size argv: par ]
>>>> ensure: [
>>>> "Free the memory we allocated"
>>>> par ifNotNil: [ par free ].
>>>> strings ifNotNil: [
>>>> strings do: [ :each | each free ] ] ]
>>>>
>>>> With a primitive call:
>>>> Self nbCall: #(int Rf_initEmbeddedR(int argc, char *argv))
>>>>
>>>> Do I still need to create my own array of strings or FFI creates it for me?
>>> How?
>>>>
>>>> Thanks in advance for your answers,
>>>>
>>>> Vincent
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>> !!!***************************************************************
>>> ****
>>>> ****************** "Ce message et les pièces jointes sont
>>>> confidentiels et réservés à l'usage exclusif de ses destinataires. Il peut
>>> également être protégé par le secret professionnel. Si vous recevez ce
>>> message par erreur, merci d'en avertir immédiatement l'expéditeur et de le
>>> détruire. L'intégrité du message ne pouvant être assurée sur Internet, la
>>> responsabilité de Worldline ne pourra être recherchée quant au contenu de
>>> ce message. Bien que les meilleurs efforts soient faits pour maintenir cette
>>> transmission exempte de tout virus, l'expéditeur ne donne aucune garantie à
>>> cet égard et sa responsabilité ne saurait être recherchée pour tout dommage
>>> résultant d'un virus transmis.
>>>>
>>>> This e-mail and the documents attached are confidential and intended
>>> solely for the addressee; it may also be privileged. If you receive this e-mail in
>>> error, please notify the sender immediately and destroy it. As its integrity
>>> cannot be secured on the Internet, the Worldline liability cannot be triggered
>>> for the message content. Although the sender endeavours to maintain a
>>> computer virus-free network, the sender does not warrant that this
>>> transmission is virus-free and will not be liable for any damages resulting
>>> from any virus transmitted.!!!"
>>>>
>>>
>>
>>
>> !!!*************************************************************************************
>> "Ce message et les pièces jointes sont confidentiels et réservés à l'usage exclusif de ses destinataires. Il peut également être protégé par le secret professionnel. Si vous recevez ce message par erreur, merci d'en avertir immédiatement l'expéditeur et de le détruire. L'intégrité du message ne pouvant être assurée sur Internet, la responsabilité de Worldline ne pourra être recherchée quant au contenu de ce message. Bien que les meilleurs efforts soient faits pour maintenir cette transmission exempte de tout virus, l'expéditeur ne donne aucune garantie à cet égard et sa responsabilité ne saurait être recherchée pour tout dommage résultant d'un virus transmis.
>>
>> This e-mail and the documents attached are confidential and intended solely for the addressee; it may also be privileged. If you receive this e-mail in error, please notify the sender immediately and destroy it. As its integrity cannot be secured on the Internet, the Worldline liability cannot be triggered for the message content. Although the sender endeavours to maintain a computer virus-free network, the sender does not warrant that this transmission is virus-free and will not be liable for any damages resulting from any virus transmitted.!!!"
>>
>